According to

the third edition of the DK Complete Atlas of the World, NY, 2016 

Take a look at World languages
Explore the world of languages of Russia
Atlas of the Caucasian Languages
Pay attention to Indo-European and other languages on planet Earth

Browse languages of the world

https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/names

https://www.ethnologue.com/browse

What sort of British English are you learning?

The map shows Colonial Empires in 1914.

Independent states are presented in a pale sandy fawn colour.

Population of countries of planet Earth

Linguistic diversity on planet Earth

By Davius - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15064420

Together, the eight countries in red contain more than 50% of the world's languages. The areas in blue are the most linguistically diverse in the world, and the locations of most of the world's endangered languages.

Writing systems on planet Earth :


Writing systems worldwide.

Principal scripts at the national level, with selected regional

 

the English language Wikipedia (log). Based on File:BlankMap-World-v5-EU.png.

Writing systems worldwide. Principal scripts at the national level, with selected regional and minority scripts. Alphabets:  Latin ,  Cyrillic ,  Georgian ,  Greek ,  Armenian  Abjads:  Arabic  (Uyghur uses an Arabic-based alphabet, not an abjad),  Hebrew and Arabic   Arabic and Neo-Tifinagh  (Neo-Tifinagh is an alphabet, not an abjad) Abugidas:  North Indic ,  South Indic ,  Ethiopic ,  Thaana   Canadian Syllabic  (Latin alphabet co-official), Logographic+syllabic:  Pure logographic ,  Mixed logographic and syllabaries ,  Featural-alphabet + limited logographic ,  Featural-alphabet 

Grapheme
In linguistics, a grapheme is "the smallest functional unit of a writing system". [Coulmas, F. (1996), The Blackwell's Encyclopedia of Writing Systems. Oxford: Blackwells, p.174].
Types of writing systems
Read about writing types
Read about alphabets and writing systems
Abjad 
An abjad (/ˈæbdʒæd/) is a type of writing system in which (in contrast to true alphabets) each symbol or glyph stands for a consonant, in effect leaving it to readers to infer or otherwise supply an appropriate vowel.
So-called impure abjads represent vowels with either optional diacritics, a limited number[specify] of distinct vowel glyphs, or both.
The name abjad is based on the Arabic alphabet's first (in its original order) four letters — corresponding to a, b, j, d — to replace the more common terms "consonantary" and "consonantal alphabet",
Abugida
An abugida /ɑːbʊˈɡiːdə/ (listen) (from Ge'ez: አቡጊዳ ’abugida), or alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit; each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary.

Любовное послание юкагирской девушки (Сибирь) своему неверному любимому (рис. 12). Фигуры, напоминающие наконечники копий или стрел — это изображения людей, пунктирные линии у голов C и F — косы и обозначают женщин. Пишущая (С) находится в доме (рамка A — B) и грустит (перекрещивающиеся линии), ее соперница (F) в далеком доме (неполная рамка), т. е. она русская и живет в России. Неверный любимый девушки (G) живет с женщиной (F) в одном доме. У них будут дети (P и Q), но их брак не будет счастливым (перекрещенные линии). Девушка горячо любит его (линии K и L), но любви мешает другая женщина (пересечение линий K и L линией J). Несмотря на это, она продолжает его любить (линия M), хотя ее любит другой человек (он обозначен наконечником стрелы O, линия N).

Письмо девушки, общее значение которого: «Ты (2) женат (12) на другой (4), она препятствует (10) нашей любви (13) и рвёт (6) твои связи (11) с моим домом (14). У вас дети (3). В печали (15), я думала (16) о тебе, но есть парень (5), который думает обо мне (16) и я начинаю думать о нём.». Юбка (7) говорит, что жена (4) русская, косы (8) указывают что это девушка

PS. Why Language Matters
The Greek invention of the alphabet 
The Greek invention of the alphabet is a major achievement of Western culture. It is also unique; the alphabet was invented only once, though it has been borrowed by many cultures.
It is a model of analytic thinking, breaking down perceptible qualities like syllables into more basic constituents. And because it is capable of conveying subtle differences in meaning, it has come to be used for the expression of a great many of the functions served by speech.
The alphabet requires little of the reader beyond familiarity with its orthography. It allows the reader to decipher words newly encountered and permits the invention of spellings for new patterns of sound, including proper names.
Finally, its explicitness permits readers to make a relatively sharp distinction between the tasks of deciphering and interpreting. Less explicit orthographies require the reader first to grasp the meaning of a passage as a whole in order to decide which of several possible word meanings a particular graphic string represents.

Languages of the world - genealogy

INDICATE THE BRANCH OF INDO-EUROPEAN